from the top downwards---a fairly obvious looking adult with blackish coverts and undersides of flight feathers; a perched first-summer moulting to second winter; the pale underwing coverts of the third bird suggest that it is a second-winter (moulted from first-summer) but note that none of the primaries have black tips/subterminal marks--outer two primaries still growing; a presumed adult standing but possibly second-winter; adult winter in flight
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